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A slum, commonly called Jhuggi-Jhopris in India, is residential area where the dwellings by reason of over-crowding, lack of ventilation, light and sanitary facilities, unhygienic conditions and other set of factors are detrimental to safety, health and morals. According to the estimates of Town and Country Planning Organization, about 21.2% of urban population lives in slums. This proportion is even higher in metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai, etc. First question which arises here is that how slums developed, what are the requirements for their development. There are varieties of factors which helps in the formation of slums.  Growth rate of population (Urbanization) First of all the growth rate of Indian population is very high and this growth rate is much higher in the urban areas because of the migration of large number of people from rural to urban. Due to the poverty, unemployment, lack of other amenities and more importantly to elevate their status, people migrate to

The rapid urbanization in conjugation with  industrialization has resulted in the growth of slums . As we have discussed in previous post that how the shortage of land for housing, the high prices of land beyond the reach of urban poor and a large influx of rural migrants to the cities fuelling the development of slums. These slums give rise to many problems in the urban areas. The major problems of slums in India are as follows:- Shortage of space: About 77.6% of the urban dwellers in Mumbai reside in one room and lakhs of them sleeps on the footpath. About 62% of the households of the metropolis reside in these slums. This give rise to the problem of shortage of space. Prone to natural and man- made hazards : As in slums, houses are crammed in a little space, they are often prone to dangerous hazards like floods, water logging, fire etc. Extent of hazard is increased because of high population density. The slum areas of Delhi specially Yamuna-Pushta are affected by flood-wate

The origin of word monsoon is from the Arabic Mausim , meaning "season". The name originally referred to wind reversals in the Arabian Sea, but has come to mean the whole range of phenomena associated with annual weather cycles in Tropical and Sub-tropical Asia, Australia and Africa. Here we concentrate on the South Asian monsoon , the great weather system that dominates life on the subcontinent. Origin of the Monsoon Lets first take a look at the physical and scientific aspects of monsoon."Monsoons are seasonal winds which reverse their direction of flow with the change of seasons". Now why these winds changes their direction, there are many reasons attributed to this reversal but the oldest and the most significant is the differential heating (given below) of land and air. In summer, moist air is carried northwards from the Indian Ocean over the Indian subcontinent, bringing rains, however in winter, cool, dry air is carried southw